Curriculum Vitae

ASSOCIATE PROF. DR. SIM KAE SHIN

Associate Professor
  • Institute of Biological Sciences
    Faculty of Science
  • +603-79676752

AREAS OF EXPERTISE

  • IN VITRO (CELL CULTURE BASED) DRUG TESTING
  • CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION
  • INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY
  • NATURAL PRODUCTS
  • DRUG DISCOVERY

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION

  • PhD (Biochemistry), (Biochemistry)
    Universiti Malaya (UM)
  • BSc (Biochemistry) , (Biochemistry)
    Universiti Malaya (UM)

MEMBERSHIPS

  • MALAYSIAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY , MEMBER
    2013 to present (National)

PUBLICATIONS

Article in Journal
  1. Chan WC, Ng MP, Ang CW, Sim KS, Tan KW. 2023. From lab to life: Safe and efficient optical based dual-mode chemosensor for the detection of aluminium (III) and copper (II) ions. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 557, 121703.
  2. Chan WC, Ng MP, Tan CH, Ang CW, Sim KS, Tiong SYX, Solehan Pungut NA, Ng CH, Tan KW. 2023. A new lipophilic cationic rhodamine-based chemosensor for detection of Al(III)/Cu(II) and intracellular pH change and its application as a smartphone-assisted sensor in water sample analysis. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 436, 114382.
  3. Mat Saad H., Tan CH, Manickam S, Lim SH, Sim KS. 2023. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. stem bark inhibits melanogenesis through regulation of ROS, cAMP, and MAPK pathways. Sains Malaysiana, 52(2), 441-465.
  4. Ramle AQ, Chan NNMY, Ng MP, Tan CH, Sim KS, Tiekink ERT, Chee CF. 2023. Structural insights and cytotoxicity evaluation of benz[e]indole pyrazolyl-substituted amides. Molecular Diversity, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-023-10662-2
  5. Solehah Pungut Nur Amira, Tan CH, Mat Saad H, Sim KS, Tiong TXS, Ang CW, Gan CH, Kong KV, Tan KW. 2023. A new cinnamaldehyde-rhodamine based dual chemosensor for Cu2+ and Fe3+ and its applicability in live cell imaging. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 438, 114540.
  6. Tang S-Y, Ng M-P, Tan C-H, Sim K-S, Lim K-H, Yong K-T, Low Y-Y, Lim S-H. 2023. Chippiine, iboga, cleavamine, vobasine, and cytotoxic bisindole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana polyneura. Tetrahedron, 149, 133706.
  7. Tang S-Y, Tan C-H, Sim K-S, Yong K-T, Lim K-H, Low Y-Y, Lim S-H. 2023. Polyneurines A H, iboga alkaloids from Tabernaemontana polyneura. Phytochemistry, 208, 113587.
  8. Alhasan A, Anuar Tajuddin H, Abdul Sani SF, Hussein Ali T, Hisham S, Mokti MH, Ung NM, Ng MP, Sim KS. 2022. Iohexol functionalized Si-Ag:Mn3O4 hybrid nanoparticles based contrast agent for computed tomography imaging. Materials Today Communications, 33, 104377.
  9. Chan WC, Mat Saad H, Sim KS, Lee VS, Tan KW. 2022. A rapid turn-on dual functional rhodamine B probe for aluminum (III) and copper (II) that can be utilised as a molecular logic gate and in water analysis. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1254: 132337.
  10. Chua RAHW, Lim SK, Chee CF, Chin SP, Kiew LV, Sim KS, Tay ST. 2022. Surgical site infection and development of antimicrobial sutures: a review. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 26: 828-845.
  11. Lee SM, Lo KM, Liew LY, Chew J, Tan CH, Sim KS, Tiekink ERT. 2022. Synthesis, characterisation and biological activity of diorganotin compounds of (E)-N -(5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthohydrazide. Polyhedron, 223: 115955.
  12. Lee SX, Tan CH, Mah WL, Wong RCS, Abdul Manan NS, Cheow YL, Sim KS, Tan KW. 2022. Group 6 photo-activable carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (PhotoCORMs) with 1 10-phenanthroline based ligand as potential anti-proliferative and anti-microbial agents. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 537, 120931.
  13. Sam SE, Sim KS, Syed Abdul Rahman SN, Tan YS. 2022. Neuroprotective properties of wild medicinal mushroom, Sanguinoderma rugosum (Agaricomycetes) extracts against glutamate-induced hippocampal cells. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 24(3):35-50.
  14. Tan CH, Sim DSY, Lim SH, Mohd Mohidin TB, Mohan G, Low YY, Kam TS, Sim KS. 2022. Antiproliferative and microtubule-stabilizing activities of two iboga-vobasine bisindoles alkaloids from Tabernaemontana corymbosa in colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells. Planta Medica, 88, 1325-1340.
  15. Chan, W. C., Saad, H. M., Sim, K. S., Lee, V. S., Ang, C. W., Yeong, K. Y., & Tan, K. W. (2021). A rhodamine based chemosensor for solvent dependent chromogenic sensing of cobalt (II) and copper (II) ions with good selectivity and sensitivity: Synthesis, filter paper test strip, DFT calculations and cytotoxicity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 262, 120099
  16. Cheah PW, Heng MP, Mat Saad H, Sim KS, Tan KW. 2021. Specific detection of Cu2+ by a pH-independent colorimetric rhodamine based chemosensor. Optical Materials, 114: 110990.
  17. Lee SX, Tan CH, Mah WL, Wong RCS, Cheow YL, Sim KS, Tan KW. 2021. Synthesis of group 6 (chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten) photoCORMs as potential antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 525: 120491.
  18. Lee SX, Tan CH, Mah WL, Wong RCS, Sim KS, Cheow YL, Ng C-H, Tan KW. 2021. Synthesis of phenanthroline-based ligand and its UV activable tetracarbonyl photoCORMs based on chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten as cytotoxic and antimicrobial agents. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 954-955, 122103.
  19. Mat Saad H, Syed Abdul Rahman SN, Navanesana S, Tan CH, Manickam S, Abd Malek SN, Sim KS. 2021. Evaluation of antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of Baeckea frutescens and Leptospermum javanicum essential oils. South African Journal of Botany, 141: 474-479.
  20. Mat Saad H, Tan CH, Lim SH, Manickam S, Sim KS. 2021. Evaluation of anti-melanogenesis and free radical scavenging activities of five Artocarpus species for cosmeceutical applications. Industrial Crops & Products, 161: 113184.
  21. Savir S, Liew JWK, Vythilingam I, Lim YAL, Tan CH, Sim KS, Lee VS, , Maah MJ, Tan KW. 2021. Nickel(II) complexes with polyhydroxybenzaldehyde and O,N,S tridentate thiosemicarbazone ligands: synthesis, cytotoxicity, antimalarial activity, and molecular docking studies. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1242: 130815.
  22. Solehah Pungut NA, Heng MP, Mat Saad H, Sim KS, Lee VS, Tan KW. 2021. From one to three, modifications of sensing behavior with solvent system: DFT calculations and real-life application in detection of multianalytes (Cu2+, Ni2+ and Co2+) based on a colorimetric Schiff base probe. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1238: 130453.
  23. Solehah Pungut NA, Mat Saad H, Sim KS, Tan KW. 2021. A turn on fluorescent sensor for detecting Al3+ and colorimetric detection for Cu2+: Synthesis, cytotoxicity and on-site assay kit. Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology, A: Chemistry, 414: 113290.
  24. Tan C-H, Yeap J S-Y, Lim S-H, Low Y-Y, Sim K-S, Kam T-S. 2021. The bisindole alkaloids Angustilongines M and A from Alstonia penangiana induce mitochondrial apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in HT-29 cells through promotion of tubulin polymerization. Journal of Natural Products, 84: 1524 1533.
  25. Wong S-K, Yeap J S-Y, Tan C-H, Sim K-S, Lim S-H, Low Y-Y, Kam T-S. 2021. Arbolodinines A-C, biologically-active aspidofractinineaspidofractinine, aspidofractinine-strychnan, and kopsine-strychnan bisindole alkaloids from Kopsia arborea. Tetrahedron, 78: 131802.
  26. Yong W-K, Sim K-S, Poong S-W, Wei D, Phang S-M, Lim P-E. 2021. Interactive effects of warming and copper toxicity on a tropical freshwater green microalga Chloromonas augustae (Chlorophyceae). Journal of Applied Phycology, 33: 67 77.
  27. Heng MP, Sim KS, Tan KW. 2020. Nickel and zinc complexes of testosterone N4-substituted thiosemicarbazone: Selective cytotoxicity towards human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT 116 and their cell death mechanisms. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 208: 111097.
  28. Heng MP, Tan CH, Mat Saad H, Sim KS, Tan KW. 2020. Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis inducer: Testosterone-N4-ethylthiosemicarbazonate and its metal complexes with selective cytotoxicity towards human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT 116). Inorganica Chimica Acta, 507: 119581.
  29. Savir S, Wei ZJ, Liew JWK, Vythilingam I, Lim YAL, Mat Saad H, Sim KS, Tan KW. 2020. Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Antimalarial Activities of Thiosemicarbazones and their Nickel (II) complexes. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1211: 128090.
  30. Tan CH, Liew JL, Navanesan S, Sim KS, Tan NH, Tan KY. 2020. Cytotoxic and anticancer properties of the Malaysian mangrove pit viper (Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus) venom and its disintegrin (purpureomaculin). Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 26: e20200013.
  31. Tan CH, Sim DSY, Heng MP, Lim SH, Low YY, Kam TS, Sim KS. 2020. Evaluation of DNA binding and topoisomerase I inhibitory activities of 16 decarbomethoxydihydrovoacamine from Tabernaemontana corymbose. ChemistrySelect, 5(47): 14839-14843. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202004153
  32. Mohd Amin NA, Duali Hussen RS, Lee SM, Sim KS, Navanesan S. 2019. Synthesis, structural characterization, cytotoxicity and encapsulation studies of N,N -(1,2-dicyano-1,2-vinylene)-bis(4-hydroxysalicylideneaminato)di(p-chlorobenzyl)tin as potential anticancer drug. Main Group Metal Chemistry, 42, 94-101.
  33. Sim D S-Y, Navanesan S, Sim K-S, Gurusamy S, Lim S-H, Low Y-Y, Kam T-S. 2019. Conolodinines A D, Aspidosperma Aspidosperma bisindole alkaloids with antiproliferative activity from Tabernaemontana corymbosa. Journal of Natural Products, 82: 850-858.
  34. Wong S-K, Wong S-P, Sim K-S, Lim S-H, Low Y-Y, Kam T-S. 2019. A Cytotoxic Indole Characterized by Incorporation of a Unique Carbon Nitrogen Skeleton and Two Pentacyclic Corynanthean Alkaloids Incorporating a Substituted Tetrahydrofuranone Ring from Kopsia arborea. Journal of Natural Products, 82 (7): 1902-1907.
  35. Yeap J S-Y, Mat Saad H, Tan C-H, Sim K-S, Lim S-H, Low Y-Y, Kam T-S. 2019. Macroline Sarpagine bisindole alkaloids with antiproliferative activity from Alstonia penangiana, Journal of Natural Products, 82, 3121-3132.
  36. Yong W-K, Lim P-E, Vello V, Sim K-S, Abdul Majid N, Mustafa EM, Nik Sulaiman NM, Liew K-E, Chen BJ-T, Phang SM. (2019) Metabolic and physiological regulation of Chlorella sp. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) under nitrogen deprivation. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 37(1): 186-198.
  37. Yong W-K, Sim K-S, Poong S-W, Wei D, Phang S-M, Lim P-E. 2019. Physiological and metabolic responses of Scenedesmus quadricauda (Chlorophyceae) to nickel toxicity and warming. 3 Biotech, 9, 315.
  38. Mat Saad H, Sim KS, Tan YS. 2018. Antimelanogenesis and anti-inflammatory activity of selected culinary-medicinal mushroom. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 20(2): 141 153.
  39. Saw WS, Ujihara M, Chong WY, Voon SH, Imae T, Kiew LV, Lee HB, Sim KS, Chung LY. 2018. Size-dependent effect of cystine/citric acid-capped confeito-like gold nanoparticles on cellular uptake and photothermal cancer therapy. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 161: 365-374.
  40. Teoh WY, Wahab NA, Sim KS. 2018. Caffeoylquinic acids induce cell death and cell cycle arrest on HCT 116 cells via formation of extracellular H2O2 and oxidation products. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 45(1): 318-330.
  41. Yeap JS, Navanesan S, Sim KS, Yong KT, Gurusamy S, Lim SH, Low YY, Kam TS. 2018. Ajmaline, oxindole, and cytotoxic macroline akuammiline bisindole alkaloids from Alstonia penangiana. Journal of Natural Products, 81(5): 1266-1277.
  42. Yong W-K, Sim K-S, Poong S-W, Wei D, Phang S-M, Lim P-E. 2018. Interactive effects of temperature and copper toxicity on photosynthetic efficiency and metabolic plasticity in Scenedesmus quadricauda (Chlorophyceae). Journal of Applied Phycology, 30: 3029-3041.
  43. Navanesan S, Abdul Wahab N, Manickam S, Cheow YL, Sim KS. 2017. Intrinsic capabilities of Leptospermum javanicum in inducing apoptosis and suppressing the metastatic potential of human lung carcinoma cells. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 273: 37-47.
  44. Sinniah SK, Sim KS, Ng SW, Tan KW. 2017. Structural and cytotoxic studies of cationic thiosemicarbazones. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1137: 253-259.
  45. Sinniah SK, Tan KW, Ng SW, Sim KS. 2017. Cationic Schiff base derivative induces In vitro apoptosis in metastatic PC-3 cells via activation of mitochondrial pathway. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 17(5): 741-753.
  46. Teoh WY, Wahab NA, Sim KS. 2017. Anti-proliferation effect of Guanosine on HCT 116 cells involves MAPK and AMPK pathways. Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids,36(4): 243-255.
  47. Nge C-E, Sim K-S, Lim S-H, Thomas NF, Low Y-Y, Kam T-S. 2016. A Hexacyclic, Iboga-Derived Monoterpenoid Indole with a Contracted Tetrahydroazepine C Ring and Incorporation of an Isoxazolidine Moiety, a Seco-Corynanthean, an Aspidosperma- Aspidosperma Bisindole with Anticancer Properties, and the Absolute Configuration of the Pyridopyrimidine Indole Alkaloid, Vernavosine. Journal of Natural Products, 79: 2709-2717.
  48. Sim D S-Y, Teoh W-Y, Sim K-S, Lim S-H, Thomas NF, Low Y-Y, Kam T-S. 2016. Vobatensines A F, Cytotoxic Iboga-Vobasine Bisindoles from Tabernaemontana corymbosa. Journal of Natural Products, 79(4): 1048-1055.
  49. Teoh WY, Tan HP, Ling SK, Wahab NA, Sim KS. 2016. Phytochemical investigation of Gynura bicolor leaves and cytotoxicity evaluation of the chemical constituents against HCT 116 cells. Natural Product Research, 30(4): 448-451.
  50. Teoh WY, Wahab NA, Richardson JSM, Sim KS. 2016. Evaluation of antioxidant properties, cytotoxicity and acute oral toxicity of Gynura procumbens (Compositae). Sains Malaysiana, 45(2): 229-235.
  51. Yap A-C, Chan K-G, Sim K-S, Choo Y-M. 2016. A new oxolane from Enterobacter cloacae. Natural Product Research, 30(7): 783-788.
  52. Yap VA, Qazzaz ME, Raja VJ, Bradshaw TD, Loh H-S, Sim K-S, Yong K-T, Low Y-Y, Lim K-H. 2016. Fistulopsines A and B antiproliferative septicine-type alkaloids from Ficus fistulosa. Phytochemistry Letters, 15: 136 141.
  53. Yap W-S, Gan C-Y, Sim K-S, Lim S-H, Low Y-Y, Kam T-S. 2016. Aspidofractinine and Eburnane Alkaloids from a North Borneo Kopsia. Ring-Contracted, Additional Ring-Fused, and PaucidactineType Aspidofractinine Alkaloids from K. pauciflora. Journal of Natural Products. 79(1): 230-239.
  54. Heng MP, Sinniah SK, Teoh WY, Sim KS, Ng SW, Cheah Y K, Tan KW. 2015. Synthesis of a DNA-targeting nickel (II) complex with testosterone thiosemicarbazone which exhibits selective cytotoxicity towards human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP). Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 150: 360-372.
  55. Lee SM, Sim KS, Lo KM. 2015. Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of diorganotin(IV) complexes with tris[(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] Schiff bases. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 429: 195-208.
  56. Lim J-L, Sim K-S, Yong K-T, Loong B-J, Ting K-N, Lim S-H, Low Y-Y, Kam T-S. 2015. Biologically active vallesamine, strychnan, and rhazinilam alkaloids from Alstonia: Pneumatophorine, a nor- secovallesamine with unusual incorporation of a 3- ethylpyridine moiety. Phytochemistry, 117: 317-324.
  57. Navanesan S, Wahab NA, Manickam S, Sim KS. 2015. Evaluation of selected biological capacities of Baeckea frutescens. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15:186.
  58. Navanesan S, Wahab NA, Manickam S, Sim KS. 2015. Leptospermum flavescens constituent-LF1 causes cell death through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cells. PLoS ONE, 10(8): e0135995.
  59. Yap AC, Teoh WY, Kok-Gan Chan, Sim KS, Choo YM. 2015. A new oxathiolane from Enterobacter cloacae. Natural Product Research, 29 (8): 722-726.
  60. Chew ST, Lo KM, Lee SK, Heng MP, Teoh WY, Sim KS, Tan KW. 2014. Copper complexes with phosphonium containing hydrazone ligand: Topoisomerase inhibition and cytotoxicity study. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 76: 397-407.
  61. Chew ST, Lo KM, Sinniah SK, Sim KS, Tan KW. 2014. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of cationic hydrazone copper complexes with diverse co-ligands. RSC Advances. 4(106): 61232- 61247.
  62. Gan C-Y, Yoganathan K, Sim K-S, Low Y-Y, Lim S-H, Kam T-S. 2014. Corynanthean, eburnan, secoleuconoxine, and pauciflorine alkaloids from Kopsia pauciflora. Phytochemistry, 108: 234-242.
  63. Lim S-H, Low Y-Y, Sinniah SK, Yong K-T, Sim K-S, Kam T-S. 2014. Macroline, akuammiline, sarpagine, and ajmaline alkaloids from Alstonia macrophylla. Phytochemistry, 98: 204-215.
  64. Sim D S-Y, Chong K-W, Nge C-E, Low Y-Y, Sim K-S, Kam T-S. 2014. Cytotoxic Vobasine, Tacaman, and Corynanthe-Tryptamine Bisindole Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana and structure revision of Tronoharine. Journal of Natural Products, 77: 2504-2512.
  65. Sim, K.S., Ibrahim, H., Malek, S.N.A., Syamsir, D.R. & Awang, K. 2014. Cytotoxic Activity of Alpinia murdochii Ridl.:A Mountain Ginger Species from Peninsular Malaysia. Pharmacognosy Magazine 10(37):70-72.
  66. Tan S-J, Lim J-L, Low Y-Y, Sim K-S, Lim S-H, Kam T-S. 2014. Oxidized Derivatives of Macroline, Sarpagine, and Pleiocarpamine Alkaloids from Alstonia angustifolia. Journal of Natural Products, 77: 2068−2080.
  67. Lee SM, Mohd Ali H, Sim KS, Abdul Malek SN, Lo KM. 2013. Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of diorganotin complexes with ONO terdentate Schiff base. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 406: 272-278.
  68. Reddy AS, Malek SNA, Ibrahim H, Sim KS. 2013. Cytotoxic effect of Alpinia scabra (Blume) Naves extracts on human breast and ovarian cancer cells. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13:314.
  69. Teoh WY, Sim KS, Richardson JSM, Wahab NA, Hoe SZ. 2013. Antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity, and acute oral toxicity of Gynura bicolor. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Volume 2013, Article ID 958407, 10 pages.
  70. Lee SM, Mohd Ali H, Sim KS, Abdul Malek SN, Lo KM. 2012. Synthesis, structural characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity of diorganotin complexes with schiff base ligands derived from 3-hydroxy-2- naphthoylhydrazide. Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 26: 310-319.
  71. Reddy NS, Navanesan S, Sinniah SK, Wahab NA and Sim KS. 2012. Phenolic content, antioxidant effect and cytotoxic activity of Leea indica leaves. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12: 128.
  72. Malek SNA, Phang CW, Ibrahim H, Wahab NA, Sim KS. 2011. Phytochemical and cytotoxic investigations of Alpinia mutica rhizomes. Molecules, 16(1): 583-589.
  73. Sinniah SK, Tan KW, Sim KS, Ng SW, Tiekink ERT. 2011. [3- ({(E)-2-[(4-Fluorophenyl) carbamothioyl]hydrazinylidene}methyl)-4- hydroxybenzyl]methyltriphenylphosphonium chloride. Acta Crystallographica Section E, E67: o3330-o3331.
  74. Ibrahim H, Sim KS, Syamsir DR, Mohd Nor NR, Sri Nurestri AM, Awang K. 2010. Cytotoxic activity of leaf and rhizome extracts of Alpinia scabra (Blume) Naves, a wild ginger from Peninsular Malaysia. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 4(10): 708-711.
  75. Sim KS, Sri Nurestri AM, Norhanom AW. 2010. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Pereskia grandifolia Haw. (Cactaceae) extracts. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 6(23): 248-254.
  76. Sim KS, Sri Nurestri AM, Norhanom AW. 2010. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of crude and fractionated extracts of Pereskia bleo (Kunth) DC. (Cactaceae). African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 4(5): 193-201.
  77. Sim KS, Sri Nurestri AM, Sinniah SK, Kim KH, Norhanom AW. 2010. Acute oral toxicity of Pereskia bleo and Pereskia grandifolia in mice. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 6(21): 67- 70.
  78. Malek SNA, Shin SK, Wahab NA, Yaacob H. 2009. Cytotoxic components of Pereskia bleo (Kunth) DC. (Cactaceae) leaves. Molecules, 14: 1713-1724.
  79. Phillip K, Malek SNA, Sani W, Shin SK, Sinniah SK, Lai HS, Serm LG, Rahman SNSA. 2009. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants from Malaysia. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(6): 1047-1058.
  80. Sri Nurestri AM, Sim KS, Norhanom AW. 2009. Phytochemical and cytotoxic investigations of Pereskia grandifolia Haw. (Cactaceae) leaves. Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(5): 488-493.
  81. Malek SNA, Wahab NA, Yaacob H, Shin SK, Lai HS, Serm LG, Rahman SNSA. (2008). Cytotoxic activity of Pereskia bleo (Cactaceae) against selected human cell lines. International Journal of Cancer Research, 4(1): 20-27.