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CURRICULUM VITAE

ASSOCIATE PROF. DR. RAIDA BINTI ABU BAKAR
ASSOCIATE PROF. DR. RAIDA BINTI ABU BAKAR
Associate Professor
Department of Management & Marketing
Faculty of Business and Economics

BIOGRAPHY


Raida is an Associate Professor at the Department of Management, Universiti Malaya. Her research expertise lies in Organizational Behaviour, with a strong focus on work engagement, leadership, and employee wellbeing and happiness, particularly through qualitative approaches. She holds a BSc in Management from Purdue University (USA), an MBA from Universiti Malaya (Malaysia), and a PhD from RMIT University (Australia).

Her scholarly work has appeared in journals such as the International Journal of Human Resource Management, Business Strategy and Development, and the International Journal of Training and Development, among others. With more than 20 years of academic and consultancy experience, she has contributed to numerous projects with organizations including Malaysia Aviation Group, the Ministry of Entrepreneur and Co-operative Development, and the Master Builders Association of Malaysia.

Beyond research and consultancy, Raida also serves as Head of the Research Ethics Division at Universiti Malaya, where she oversees initiatives to support research integrity, compliance, and good governance in research.

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION


  • PhD (Organizational Behavior), (Human Resource Management)
    Rmit University
  • MBA(Human Resource Management), (HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT)
    Universiti Malaya (UM)
  • BSc(Management), (PENGURUSAN)
    Purdue University

ADMINISTRATIVE DUTIES


  • 20 May 2025 - present (Research Ethics Division, Deputy Vice-chancellor (research and Innovation))

MEMBERSHIPS


  • QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION OF MALAYSIA, MEMBERSHIP
    Since 2018 (National)
  • MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, MEMBER
    Since 2013 (National)

AWARD AND STEWARDSHIP


  • Excellence Service Award
    2025, Universiti Malaya
  • Khidmat Setia 20 Award
    2020, Universiti Malaya
  • Certificate of Excellent Service
    2019, Universiti Malaya
  • Excellence Service Award
    2017, Universiti Malaya
  • Certificate of Excellent Service
    2015, Universiti Malaya
  • Certificate of Excellent Service
    2008, Universiti Malaya
  • Excellence Service Award
    2007, Universiti Malaya
  • Certificate of Excellent Service
    2004, Universiti Malaya

PUBLICATIONS


Article in Journal
WoS
  1. Shia, SY; Abu Bakar, R; Jayasingam, S (2026). The role of organisational culture in role incongruity effects of women leaders, CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY. 45(7). doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09173-8
  2. Tang, GH; Omar, S; Abu Bakar, R (2026). Individual work performance questionnaire: Translation and validation in Chinese, PLOS ONE. 21, 18. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0349344
  3. Tang, Guihong; Abu Bakar, Raida; Omar, Safiah (2024). Positive psychology and employee adaptive performance: systematic literature review, FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY. 15. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1417260
  4. Abu Bakar, R., Cooke, F. L., Muenjohn, N. (2018). Religiosity as a source of influence on work engagement: a study of the Malaysian Finance industry. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(18), 2632-2658. doi:10.1080/09585192.2016.1254103
ESCI
  1. Low, Man Chung; Jayasingam, Sharmila; Abu Bakar, Raida; Omar, Safiah (2024). A multi-level study on principals' Guanxi-driven impact on teachers' work and home life: insights from Malaysia, MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW. . doi:10.1108/MRR-11-2023-0872
  2. Sathasivam, Kavitha; Islam, Md Asadul; Abu Bakar, Raida; Hashim, Rosmawani Che (2024). Implementing green HRM practices in an emerging country: Insights from managerial and nonmanagerial employees across various industries, BUSINESS STRATEGY AND DEVELOPMENT. 7(3). doi:10.1002/bsd2.404
  3. Jayasingam, S., Chong, M. M. K., & Abu Bakar, R. (2021). Knowledge sharing behaviour of overqualified repatriates. Journal of Global Mobility-the Home of Expatriate Management Research, 9(4), 543-573. doi: 10.1108/jgm-04-2021-0050
  4. Sathasivam, K., Hashim, R. C., & Abu Bakar, R. (2021). Automobile industry managers' views on their roles in environmental sustainability: a qualitative study. Management of Environmental Quality, 32(5), 844-862. doi: 10.1108/meq-09-2020-0194
  5. Sathasivam, K; Abu Bakar, R; Hashim, RC (2021). Embracing organisational environmental sustainability: Experiences in green human resource management, BUSINESS STRATEGY AND DEVELOPMENT. 4(2), 123-135. doi:10.1002/bsd2.133
  6. Razzak, MR; Abu Bakar, R; Mustamil, N (2019). Socioemotional wealth and family commitment Moderating role of controlling generation in family firms, JOURNAL OF FAMILY BUSINESS MANAGEMENT. 9(4), 393-415. doi:10.1108/JFBM-09-2018-0050
Scopus
  1. Low M.C., Jayasingam S., Abu Bakar R., Omar S. (2025). A multi-level study on principals Guanxi-driven impact on teachers work and home life: insights from Malaysia, Management Research Review. . doi:10.1108/MRR-11-2023-0872
  2. Omar S., Aslam M.Z., Abu Bakar R., Tajudeen F.P., Khan M.A. (2024). The power of positivity: examining psychological capital, work happiness, and rumination effects on performance among non-academic university staff in Malaysia, Cogent Education. 11(1). doi:10.1080/2331186X.2024.2428873
  3. Sathasivam K., Islam M.A., Bakar R.A., Hashim R.C. (2024). Implementing green HRM practices in an emerging country: Insights from managerial and nonmanagerial employees across various industries, Business Strategy and Development. 7(3). doi:10.1002/bsd2.404
  4. Tang G., Abu Bakar R., Omar S. (2024). Positive psychology and employee adaptive performance: systematic literature review, Frontiers in Psychology. 15. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1417260
  5. Bakar R.A., Hashim R.C., Low M.C., Razzak M.R., Jayasingam S. (2023). Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Employee Well-Being: Perspectives from a Developing Economy, Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Employee Well-Being: Perspectives from a Developing Economy. , 1-112. doi:10.1007/978-981-99-0432-7
  6. Jayasingam, S., Chong, M. M. K., & Abu Bakar, R. (2021). Knowledge sharing behaviour of overqualified repatriates. Journal of Global Mobility, 9(4), 543-573. doi: 10.1108/JGM-04-2021-0050
  7. Sathasivam, K., Abu Bakar, R., & Che Hashim, R. (2021). Embracing organisational environmental sustainability: Experiences in green human resource management. Business Strategy and Development, 4(2), 123-135. doi: 10.1002/bsd2.133
  8. Sathasivam, K., Che Hashim, R., & Abu Bakar, R. (2021). Automobile industry managers' views on their roles in environmental sustainability: a qualitative study. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 32(5), 844-862. doi: 10.1108/MEQ-09-2020-0194
  9. Jayasingam S., Omar S., Mustamil N.M., Hashim R.C., Bakar R.A. (2020). Supporting and Sustaining Well-Being in the Workplace: Insights from a Developing Economy, Supporting and Sustaining Well-Being in the Workplace: Insights from a Developing Economy. , 1-219. doi:10.1108/9781839826924
  10. Razzak M.R., Mustamil N., Bakar R.A. (2020). Research gaps in family owned businesses: A conceptual link between socio-emotional wealth, family commitment and firm performance, International Journal of Business Excellence. 20(2), 205-222. doi:10.1504/IJBEX.2020.105345
  11. Razzak, M. R., Mustamil, N., Bakar, R. A. (2020). Research gaps in family owned businesses: A conceptual link between socio-emotional wealth, family commitment and firm performance. International Journal of Business Excellence, 20(2), 205-222. doi:10.1504/IJBEX.2020.105345
  12. Omar S., Jayasingam S., Bakar R.A. (2019). Does positive organisational behaviour and career commitment lead to work happiness?, International Journal of Business Excellence. 19(1), 44-64. doi:10.1504/IJBEX.2019.101707
  13. Omar, S., Jayasingam, S., Bakar, R. A. (2019). Does positive organisational behaviour and career commitment lead to work happiness? International Journal of Business Excellence, 19(1), 44-64. doi: 10.1504/IJBEX.2019.101707
  14. Razzak, M. R., Abu Bakar, R., Mustamil, N. (2019). Socioemotional wealth and performance in private family firms. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 11(3), 392-415. doi: 10.1108/JEEE-07-2018-0074
  15. Abu Bakar R., Cooke F.L., Muenjohn N. (2018). Religiosity as a source of influence on work engagement: a study of the Malaysian Finance industry, International Journal of Human Resource Management. 29(18), 2632-2658. doi:10.1080/09585192.2016.1254103
  16. Abu Bakar, R., Cooke, F. L., Muenjohn, N. (2018). Religiosity as a source of influence on work engagement: a study of the Malaysian Finance industry. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(18), 2632-2658. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2016.1254103
  17. Bakar R.A., Hashim R.C., Jayasingam S., Omar S., Mustamil N.M. (2018). A Meaningful Life at Work: The Paradox of Wellbeing, A Meaningful Life at Work: The Paradox of Wellbeing. , 1-206. doi:10.1108/9781787567672
  18. Latif Salleh A., Lian Lee K., Bakar Raida A. (2010). The impingement of managerial supervision on employees satisfaction: the Malaysian case, International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital. 7(1), 1-22. doi:10.1504/IJLIC.2010.029545
  19. Ahmad K.Z., Bakar R.A. (2003). The association between training and organizational commitment among white-collar workers in Malaysia, International Journal of Training and Development. 7(3), 166-185. doi:10.1111/1468-2419.00179
Others
  1. Chong, M.M.K., Abu Bakar, R., & Jayasingam, S. (2022). Perceived Overqualification Repatriates: Post Hoc Analysis for Traditional and Alternative Forms, Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship, 7 (1).
  2. Abu Bakar, R. & Whab, M.Z. (2021). Enhancing the Royal Malaysian Navy Effectively Through Competency Management. Management Research Journal, 10 (2), pp. 93-102.
  3. Sathasivam, K., Che Hashim, R. and Abu Bakar, R. (2021), "Automobile industry managers' views on their roles in environmental sustainability: a qualitative study", Management of Environmental Quality, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-09-2020-0194
  4. Whab, M. Z. and Abu Bakar, R. (2021), The Role of Meaningfulness at Work and its Impact on Turnover Intention: The Case of the Royal Malaysian Navy, International Journal of Business and Management, 5 (1), 1-7.
  5. Whab, M.Z. & Abu Bakar, R. (2021). Turnover Intention Among the Navy People: The Role of Work-Family Interference and Organizational Commitment, Advances in Business Research International Journal, 7 (2), pp. 145-154.
  6. Azlan, M.A. & Abu Bakar, R. (2020) Green Management Strategy - An Initiative Towards Sustainable Practices. International Journal of Business and Management. 4 (6): 1-8.
  7. Rahim Khan, N.B. & Abu Bakar, Raida (2020). Talent Management and Its Effect on Organizational Efficiency: Contribution from the Malaysian Context. The International Journal of Business & Management, 8 (1), 23-32.
  8. Sathasivam, K., Abu Bakar, R. & Che Hashim, R. (2020). Embracing Organisational Environmental Sustainability: Experiences Green Human Resource Management, Journal of Business Strategy and Development, 4 (2), pp. 123-135
  9. Omar, S., Jayasingam, S., & Bakar, R. A. (2019). Does positive organisational behaviour and career commitment lead to work happiness?. International Journal of Business Excellence, 19(1), 44-64.
  10. Razzak, M.R. , Abu Bakar, R., Mustamil, N.M. (2019). Socioemotional wealth and family commitment: Moderating role of controlling generation in family firms. Journal of Family Business Management, 9 (4), pp. 393-415.
  11. Jamshed, S., Abu Bakar, R. & Nazri, M. (2018). Emotionally Intelligent Teams: Can Emotional Intelligence Enhance Performance. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 7 (1), pp. 23-33.
  12. Razzak, M. R., Mustamil, N., & Bakar, R. A. (2020). Research gaps in family owned businesses: a conceptual link between socio-emotional wealth, family commitment and firm performance. International Journal of Business Excellence, 20(2), 205-222.
  13. Jamshed, S., Mohd Nor, M.N., & Abu Bakar, R. (2017). Enhancing team effectiveness through leader emotional intelligence and knowledge sharing: Structural equation modeling approach. International Online Journal of Educational Leadership, 1 (1), 34-59.
  14. Salleh, A.L., Lee, K.L., Abu Bakar, R. (2010), Impingement of Managerial Supervision on Employees' Satisfaction : The Malaysian Case, International Journal of Learning And Intellectual Capital, Vol. 7 (1).
  15. Abdul Latif Salleh, Raida Abu Bakar & Wong Kok Keong (2008), How Detrimental is Job Stress? : A Case Study of Executives in the Malaysian Furniture Industry , International Review of Business Research Paper, Vol.4 (5).
  16. Raida Abu Bakar, Abdul Latif Salleh, Lee Chee Ling (2008), How We Do Things Around Here' : Implications of Corporate Culture on Job Performance , The Business Review, Cambridge, Vol. 9 (2), Summer.
  17. Norbani Che Ha, Raida Abu Bakar, Syed Izzaddin Syed Jaafar (2007), Internal Marketing Issues in Service Organizations in Malaysia, International Review Of Business Research Papers, Vol.3, No. 6.
  18. Raida Abu Bakar & Mohd. Said Othman (2006), Team Empowerment And Attitudinal Outcomes : A Study Of Organizations In Malaysia. Jurnal Managemen dan Pemasaran Jasa, 2 (1), pp. 41-60.
  19. Kamarulzaman Ahmad and Raida Abu Bakar (2003), The Association between Training and Organizational Commitment Among White Collar Workers in Malaysia,International Journal of Training and Development, Vol 7, Issue 3, pp 166-185.
Books
  1. Che Hashim, R., Jayasingam, S., Mohd Mustamil, N., Abu Bakar, R., & Omar, S. (2025). Women's Economic Empowerment and Wellbeing: Perspectives from a Developing Nation. Springer Nature, Singapore, ISBN: 978-981-96-7371-1
  2. Che Hashim, R., Jayasingam, S., Mohd Mustamil, N., Abu Bakar, R., & Omar, S. (2025). Women's economic empowerment and wellbeing: Perspectives from a developing nation (1st ed.). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-7372-8
  3. Abu Bakar, R., Che Hashim, R., Low, M.C., Rezaur Razzak, M., Jayasingam, S. (2023). Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Employee Well-Being. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0432-7_2
  4. Abu Bakar, R. , Che Hashim, R., Chung, L.M., Razzak, M.R., & Jayasingam, S. (2022). Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Employee Well-being - Perspectives from a Developing Economy, Springer Nature. (in press)
  5. Jayasingam, S., Omar, S., Mustamil N.M., Che Hashim, R., Abu Bakar, R. (2020). Supporting and Sustaining WellBeing in the Workplace: Insights from a Developing Economy. Emerald Publishing Limited: United Kingdom
  6. Abu Bakar, R. Che Hashim, R., Jayasingam, S., Omar, S., and Mohd Mustamil, N. (2018) A Meaningful Life at Work: The Paradox of Wellbeing. Emerald Publishing Limited.
  7. Wan Sabri Wan Hussin, Raida Abu Bakar, Radzuan Rahid (2003), Prinsip Pengurusan, Thomson-Learning.
Chapter in Books
  1. Raida, A. B., & Kaur, S. (2024). Introduction: Principles of Research Ethics. In M. Y. Tee, S. Kaur, W. Y. Low, & L. C. Chai (Eds.), Research Ethics in the Social Sciences: A Case-based Approach (pp. 1–58). Universiti Malaya Press.
  2. Ong, L.D. & Abu Bakar, R. (2020). Leadership Issues from an Islamic Perspective. In Mohammad Nazri Mohd Nor and Norizah Mustamil, Islamic Perspective on Business: Concepts and Applications of Islamic Values. UPSI Press
  3. Abu Bakar, R., Cooke, F. L. and Muenjohn, N. 2012, Conceptual link between personality and job engagement: The moderating influence of empowering leadership, in N. Muenjohn (ed.), Organisational leadership: Concepts, Cases and Research, Cengage Learning Australia, Melbourne, pp. 51-92
  4. Raida Abu Bakar and Norbani Che Ha (2012), Bridging the Gap: HR Practises and the Role of Internal Marketing in Malaysian SMEs in Norbani Che-Ha and Amir Mahmood(eds), Malaysian SMEs in the New Economy. Cengage Learning Singapore, pg. 204-218
Article in Proceeding
  1. Chua W. I., Bakar, R. A., & Ahmad, K. Z. B. (2018). The Antecedents of Work-Related Stress A Study of Generation Y Workers in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. International Conference on Advances in Business Management and Law, University of Dubai, Dubai, UAE, 24 & 25 Nov 2018.
  2. Abu Bakar, R. (2015) A conceptual paper: The association between traits and work engagement: Can HR elements be moderators? Proceeding in International Conference on Global Trends in Academic Research, 20-21 Apr 2015, Bandung, Indonesia.
  3. Raida Abu Bakar (2014). Employee Engagement: What is it and how do we go about it?. Proceeding in International Conference on Economics, Education and Humanities, Bali, Indonesia, 10-11 December 2014.
  4. Raida Abu Bakar, Fang Lee Cooke & Nuttawuth Muenjohn (2012), Passionate About Work: An Empirical Study on Individual, Social and Organizational Factors and Its Affect on Employee Engagement, Proceeding in the 2012 European International Business & Economics Conference, Rome, Italy, 10-17 June 2012.
  5. Raida Abu Bakar, Nuttawuth Muenjohn, Fang Lee Cooke (2012),Employee Engagement: Is My Personality Important?, Proceeding in the 2012 MAG Scholar Global Business, Marketing and Tourism Conference, Gyor, Hungary, 29 May - 2 June 2012.
  6. Abdul Latif Salleh, Raida Abu Bakar, Wong Kok Keong (2008), Job Stress : A Case Study Of Executives in the Malaysian Furniture Industry, Proceeding in the 8th International Business Research Conference, Dubai, U.A.E., 27-28 March 2008.
  7. Raida Abu Bakar, Abdul Latif Salleh, Lee Chee Ling (2008),'Implications of Corporate Culture on Job Performance, Proceeding in the 2008 Global Business & Economics Research Conference, Istanbul, Turkey, 6-9 August 2008.
  8. Norbani Che Ha, Raida Abu Bakar, Syed Izzaddin Syed Jaafar (2007), Internal Marketing Issues in Service Organizations in Malaysia, Proceeding in the 5th International Business Research Conference, Dubai, U.A.E., 26-27 April 2007.
  9. Raida Abu Bakar, Norbani Che Ha, Ramzan Ramza Ramli (2007), Strategic HR Issues in Internal Marketing : Perspective from Manufacturing Firms, Proceeding in Asia Pacific Marketing Conference 2007, Sarawak, Malaysia, 1-3 November 2007.
  10. Abdul Latif Hj. Salleh, Lee Kim Lian, Raida Abu Bakar (2006), The Impact of Managerial Supervisions on Employees Satisfaction : The Malaysian's Case. Proceeding in The 12th Asia Pacific Management Conference:Managing Competitiveness in the Knowledge Economy, Bangkok, Thailand, 17-19 November 2006.
  11. Norbani Che Ha, Raida Abu Bakar, Faridah Salim (2006), Human Resource Practices on Innovativeness and Organizational Effectiveness : The Case of SMEs in Malaysia. Proceeding in the SME-Entrepreneurship Competitiveness, Challenges and Prospects in the New Global Environment Conference, Monash University Malaysia, 17-18 October 2006.
  12. Raida Abu Bakar (2006), The Influence of Demographic Heterogeneity On Cooperative Norms in Teams : A Comparison Study of the Undergraduates and Working Groups in Malaysia, Proceeding in The Malaysian Research Group 4th International Conference, Salford, United Kingdom, 19-21 June 2006.
  13. Raida Abu Bakar & Mohd. Said Othman (2004), Team Empowerment And Attitudinal Outcomes, Proceeding in The 2nd Seminar On Human Capital Management : Building Innovative & Versatile Human Capital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 7-8 October 2004.
  14. Raida Abu Bakar( 2004), Team Empowerment and Performance Outcomes : A Look At The Organizations In Malaysia. Proceedings in Uniten International Business Management Conference, Kuantan, Pahang, 6-7 December 2004.

RESEARCH PROJECT


National
  1. 2018 - 2020, Geran Penyelidikan Fakulti (GPF)
    Work-Family Enrichment: A Crossover-Spillover Perspective ( Principal Investigator(PI))
  2. 2018 - 2020, Geran Penyelidikan Fakulti (GPF)
    Perception of leader effectiveness: Is online presence the way forward? ( Consultant)
  3. 2018 - 2019, UM Special Grant
    A Meaningful Work: Individual and Organizational Roles in Sustaining Wellbeing ( Principal Investigator(PI))
  4. 2015 - 2017, Asian Institute of Finance
    Bridging the Talent Gap between the FinancialServices Industry and Higher Learning Institutions ( Consultant)
  5. 2016 - 2017, Geran Penyelidikan Universiti Malaya (UMRG)
    Well-Being At The Workplace: Theory & Practice ( Principal Investigator(PI))
  6. 2014 - 2015, Geran Penyelidikan Universiti Malaya (UMRG)
    Islamic Work Values: The influence of Islamic Values in HRM Practices on Employee Engagement ( Consultant)
  7. 2007 - 2008, Geran Khas Universiti Penyelidikan 2007, University of Malaya
    "Internal Marketing : Assessing Organizational Competitiveness & Redefining Human Resource Elements" ( Lead Consultant)
  8. 2006 - 2007
    Towards a Greater Understanding of Employees Perception : The Realities at Work (Joint research with Radzuan Rahid (UKM)) ( Project member)
  9. 2005 - 2005, Short Term Research Fund (Vote F)(PJP)
    "The Influence of Demographic Heterogeneity On Cooperative Norms in Teams : A Comparison Study of the Undergraduates and Working Groups in Malaysia"
  10. 2002 - 2002, Short Term Research Fund (Vote F)(PJP)
    "The Antecedents & Consequences of Team Empowerment in the Organizations in Malaysia"

ACADEMIC/ PROF. SERVICES


Evaluation
  1. (2020) Stress & Health, (Reviewer)
  2. (2019) Reviewer for Jurnal Pengurusan, UKM, (Reviewer)
  3. (2016) Asian Journal of Business & Accounting, (Reviewer)
  4. (2016) Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, (Reviewer)
  5. (2016) Reviewfor for Jurnal Pengurusan, UKM, (Reviewer)
  6. (2016) Reviewer for International Journal of Human Resource Management, (Reviewer)
  7. (2016) Reviewer for Journal of Business Ethics, (Reviewer)
  8. (2014) Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, (Reviewer)
  9. (2014) International Journal of Human Resource Management, (Reviewer)
  10. (2013) Asian Journal of Business & Accounting, (Reviewer)
  11. (2011) Asia Pacific Management Review, (Reviewer)
Contribution to External Organisation
  1. (2019) Facilitator for Documentation Clinic, Faculty of Business & Accountancy, UM
  2. (2019) Trainer / Facilitator for In-House Training: Middle Management Development Program for Panasonic, Panasonic
  3. (2019) Trainer / Facilitator for Summer Program for Narxoz University, Kazakhstan, Narxoz University, Kazakhstan
  4. (2016) Technical Committee for Outcome Based Study on the Effectiveness of Training Incentive for SMEs Under the 10th Malaysia Plan , Human Resource Development Fund, Ministry of Human Resources

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACTIVITIES


  • BDS Movement Malaysia, (01 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2018)