I hold a PhD in Politics and International Relations, specialising in political and ecological modernisation theories, and political and environmental institutionalisation in Malaysia. Prior to entering academia, I served as Editor-in-Chief of an independent news website in Malaysia. I have authored, co-authored, edited, or co-edited four books on civil society, social movements, and environmental movements in Malaysia and Singapore. I was a teaching assistant at the University of Aberdeen and hold teaching accreditation from Advance HE (UK Higher Education Academy). My current research areas include political modernisation, development, and institutionalisation, as well as environmental governance and misgovernance.